What is Japanese
pitch accent?

Every Japanese word has a pitch pattern — a melody of high and low tones that changes its meaning. Master this and you'll sound native. Ignore it and you'll be misunderstood.

LH· bridge
HL· chopsticks
LL· edge

Same sound. Three meanings. Only pitch tells them apart.

The basics

Two pitches: High and Low

Unlike English stress (louder/longer syllables), Japanese pitch accent is purely about tone height. Each mora — the basic rhythmic unit — is either High (H) or Low (L). There's no in-between.

Mora, not syllable

Japanese counts morae, not syllables. Each kana character is one mora. So 東京 (Tokyo) is 4 morae: と・う・き・ょ. Long vowels and double consonants each count as their own mora.

One simple rule

There is only one drop per word — once the pitch falls from H to L, it never rises again within the same accent phrase. This makes the system learnable: you only need to know where the drop happens.

The accent number

Each word has an accent number (0, 1, 2, 3…) that tells you where the drop occurs. 0 means no drop (flat). 1 means drop after mora 1. 2 means drop after mora 2 — and so on.

The four accent types

Every Standard Japanese word falls into one of four categories based on where — or whether — the pitch drops.

平板型

Flat (Heiban)

Starts low, rises on mora 2, and stays high with no drop. Particles and auxiliaries remain high.

Pattern:L → H H H …
LHH
サクラ
LHHH
東京
トウキョウ

Minimal pairs

These word pairs are pronounced identically except for pitch. Getting them wrong doesn't just sound unnatural — it says the wrong word entirely.

はし
LH
bridge
尾高型
HL
chopsticks
頭高型
LL
edge
平板型
あめ
HL
rain
頭高型
LH
candy
平板型
はな
LH
flower
平板型
LH
nose
尾高型
かみ
HL
paper
頭高型
LH
god
尾高型
LH
hair
尾高型

Tokyo Japanese

Standard Japanese uses Tokyo pitch accent

Japan has many regional pitch dialects — Kansai Japanese (Osaka/Kyoto) has a completely different pitch system. JPitch focuses on Standard Japanese (標準語), which is based on Tokyo dialect and used in broadcasting, education, and most formal contexts.

Tokyo 東京2-pattern system · what JPitch trains
Osaka 大阪3-pattern Kansai dialect · different rules
Kagoshima 鹿児島Accent on every mora · very distinct

How to improve

01

Learn the accent number

Every dictionary entry has an accent number. Start looking it up for words you study. OJAD and Forvo are great resources.

02

Record and compare

Your ear can't always catch your own mistakes. Recording lets you see the pitch curve and compare it visually against the target.

03

Train with minimal pairs

Practice words like 橋/箸/端 back to back. The contrast forces your brain to internalize the pitch difference.

さあ、練習しましょう

Ready to train your ear?

JPitch listens to your recording, extracts your F0 curve, and grades each mora against the target pattern.

Start practicing free →